Internal-combustion engine



July 2, 1929. E. T. ADAMS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed May 16, 1924-12 I 710072 ion "u Uv m p. a n mm M a d lit l n'tenteid duly it, ltd, I

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My invention relates to improvements in l have found it advantageous toemploy internal combustion engines, The object is a heating element, asat 1?, in close pron to provide improved means for forming and imity tothe point of fuel introduction. introducing enpansible charges into thepow- @ther substantially equivalent means may be 5 er cylinder ofinternal combustion engines, employed for heating the air near the fuelespecially those using the heavier grades of inlet, liquid fuel;improved means for creating its shown in the drawings, lE igs. l and 8,

and maintaining a body of air under presthe cylinder head is preferablyformed so sure and for delivering said air under presas to concentratethe air near the top can to sure to the power cylinder, at the end ofthe ter thereof, which is in the region of the power stroke, in order tosecure improved entry of the fuel into the cylinder, and so asscavenging eiiiciency; an improved power that the top of piston isremote from. piston combined with an air compressing said fuel inlet, inorder to minimize the blast piston adapted to be withdrawn, as a whole,action on the top of the piston, llt will it from the underside of thecylinder; and imalso be noted that a portion of the piston provedarrangement of piston, connecting comes up close to the outer part ofthe head, to red, cylinder and supporting frame and relaso thatapproximately fifty percent of the tive proportioning and arrangement ofsaid piston diameter has a close clearance with elements to facilitateassembling and disasthe head. This arrangement causes a blow-- 20sembling with a minimum of time and exing action both before and afterdead cenpense; an improved combination of primary ter, and aconcentration of the oxygen supcombustion chamber and power cylinder andply at the top center, which facilitates the cylinder head, and improvedmeans for asmixture of air and fuel and causes a very sembling the sameto secure eiticiency and favorable action on the burning. Theconaccessibility at a minimum of cost. verily curved head and face ofpiston 23 is The invention also includes details in imof furtheradvantage in directing the scavengso provements in construction andarran ement. ing air charge upwardly toward the primary Referring to thedrawings, whic illuscombustion chamber 15, and thus insures that tratemerely by way of example, a suitable a fresh supply-of paygen displacesthe dead an embodiment of my invention exhaust ases therein.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section. The e ement 14% is maintained in gas andFig. 2 is a horizontal section on line 2-2 liquid-tight seal with thecasting t by means of Fig. 1. of the block 18 and bolts 19. These bolts19 Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section comprise long studs rooteddeep into the main 35 showing the piston close to the cylinder end.casting 4, so that the expansion of the studs 1 Similar numerals referto similar parts and of the primary combustion chamber shall throughoutthe several views. a be approximately the same. It will be notedReferring "to Fig. 1, the casting or forthat the bolts 19 have a slightclearance as mation 4 includes the water jacket 5 and the at 20 througha substantial portion of castio power cylinder 6. Casting or formation 7ing 4, and are then threaded, as at 20, into includes the aircompression cylinder 8, the the said casting. 5 air receivingchamber orreservoir 9 and the The piston member 22, comprises the powcrank case10. This casting or formation 7' er piston 23, operating in the powercylinrests upon the supporting base 11, secured der 6, and the enlargedor stepped portion 4 to suitable foundations such as 12. The for- 24:,operating in the air compression cylinmation or casting? issecured tothebase der 8. The air compression cylinder 8 is" 11 in any suitableway, such as by the bolts 13. provided with the air intake port 27 andThe upper end of formation 4 is recessed the air dlscharge port 28; port27 is conthrough the top to receive the element 14:, nected wlth thespace 29, controlled by the 50 which provides the primary combustion airintake valve 30, and port 28 is connected chamber 15, and the channelsor passages with the space 31, controlled by the air, dis- 1'05 16discharging therefrom the cylinder 6. Incharge valve 32. These intakeand discharge to chamber 15 a spray nozzle, such as 17, valves comprisethin metal plates, one opendelivers the preferably atomized liquid fuel.ing inwardly to cylinder 8, and the other air. reservoir 9 is providedwith the large port 37 normally closed by the cover plate 38, as shown.The chamber 39 is provided with the large port 40, having the coverplate 41, spaced slightly away from the walls or margins of opening 40,to form a mufiler for the inrushing air to valve 30.

The piston formation 24 also serves 1n the nature of a cross-head.

Theconnecting rod 25 is connected at the lowermost part of pistonformation 24, as at at 26.

The lower end of connecting rod 25 is connected to the crank 42 on shaft43 provided with the counterbalance 44.

The lower part of frame 7, formmg'the crank case, has its side openingsclosed by the plates 45, bolted thereto. It w ll be noted that thevarious parts are proportioned relatively-so that the skirt of thepiston,24 shall not strike the counterbalance 44, and so that the foot46 of the connecting rod 25, shall not strike the base of formation 7.It is also to be noted that the piston pin is placed so low that theconnecting rod can swing to a very wide angle; and the length of the pston 23, which accommodates the upper plstonrings 48, is kept down tothe smallest safe figure, in order to keep the whole piston short.

By the above arrangement the parts are readily removable as follows:

The element 14'may be removed from the top of the casting or formation4, by releasing the bolts 19. This gives access into cylinder 6. Aneye-bolt, such as 49, is screwed into the top of the piston 23. A lineis connected to this eye-bolt to take the weight of the-piston andconnecting rod 25. The connecting rod 25 is then disconnected at the topof the crank pin box, as at 50. The piston is then lowered by means ofthe line secured thereto, and, it may be pulled out through one of theopenings, normally covered by a plate 45, by pulling on the connectingrod 25 as the piston is being lowered through the cylinder 8.

In replacing the piston and other parts, the reversed process isfollowed, with the exception, thatthe plates 38 and 41 and valve plates30 and 32, are first removed, in order to give access to piston 23,andt-he piston rings 48, through openings 27 and 28, so that the rin smay be pressed back into their grooves, as t e piston moves back intocylinder 6. This method of securing access to the piston rings 48, isconsidered important since otherwise it would be diflicult to introducepiston 23 into cylinder 6. It will be noted that the lower part of theupper cylinder 6 is bevelled, as at 51, in order to facilitate the entryof the rings 48. y

In operation:

The method and means for the introduction of combustible charges arepreferably in accordance with the general principles described in myco-pending applications as follows Internal combustion engine, filedOct. 26, 1920; Serial No. 419,698

Internal combustion engine, filed Nov. 3, 1921; Serial No. 512,518

Internal combustion engine, filed Mar. 15, 1923; Serial No; 625,185, nowPatent No. 1,678,897, July 31, 1928.

In accordance with this general or underlying principle, two zones areformed within the combustion space or spaces: one in which the fuel ismore concentrated and not so readily combustible, and one in which thefuel is less concentrated and therefore more readily combustible,whereby the combustion in the less concentrated zone is utilized tocause the complete mixture of the fuel and air in the clearance and theclean burning of the same. The complete combustion is greatlyfacilitated by the partly recessed or offset cylinder end and thesurrounding part closeclearance of the piston, which causes aconcentration of air and a blowing action as above described.

The method and combination of means for scavenging the power cylinder,in accordance with the present disclosure, are believed to be new, asfollows: The stepped piston 24 compresses the air in the compressioncylinder 8 and theair reservoir 9. The compressed air is delivered intothe cylinder 6 through the upwardly inclined channels 33 and ports 34,upon the opening of said ports, by piston 23 at or near the end of itspower stroke. There is only a single row of these air inlet ports 34,but the upward direction of their discharge serves to ensuredistribution of fresh scavenging air to all parts of the cylinder, andthis without any deflector on the top of the piston. In other words, bythe high pressure air delivered from the reser- Voir 9, through thesharp upwardly inclined channels and ports 33, 34, even with asubstantially flat top piston, as shown, the scavenging is moreefficient than by means of the double row of inlet ports or thedeflector provided on the piston top, as now commonly used.

lVhat I claim is 1. In an oil engine, the combination of a powercylinder, an air compression cylinder with a piston common to saidcylinders, said piston-having a substantially symmetrical, convexlycurved face at one end thereof,

means forming a plurality of annularly disposed passages adapted todeliver the compressed air into said power cylinder, the ad- 7 der andsaid reservoir and means forming curved, means forming a reservoir forcompressed air around said air compression cylinder, means, forming airpassages between said reservoir and said power cylinder, theadmission ofair to said power cylinder being controlled solely by said piston, meansincluding said air passages and said curved piston face, adapted todirect said air at a substantial angle, outwardly toward the head ofsaid power cylinder, and further adapted to effect an auxiliaryscavenging action in a portion of the combustion space, near one end ofthe piston stroke. 7

3. In an oil engine, the combination of a power cylinder, a primarycombustion chamher in connection therewith, and an air compressioncylinder, a pistonhaving a portion adapted to operate in said powercylinder and a portion adapted to operate in said air compressioncylinder, means connected for driving the piston entirely through itscompressor portion, whereby said portion is adapted to serve as acrosshead; the power faceof said piston being substantially symmetricaland convexly curved, and adapted thereby to direct compressed air towardsaid primary combustion chamber, a compressed air reservoir around saidair cylinder, a non-return valve operatlve between said air compressioncylinchannels adapted to deliver compressed air from saldreservo1rtoward said primary combustion chamber and against said curvedpiston face, the admission of said compressed air into said powercylinder being controlled solely by said piston.

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a power cylinder,a primary combustion chamber connected thereto, a piston in saidcylinder, means for supplying scavenging air to said cylinder, theadmission of air being entirely controlled by said piston, the head ofsaid piston being characterized by a smooth, uniformly convex surface,means including the piston head and co-acting with said air supplymeans, to direct the scavenging air toward said primary combustionchamber near bottom center position of the piston, said means beingfurther adapted to co-act with the cylinder head and primary combustionchamber to cause a blowing action before and after top center positionof the piston.

5; In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a powercylinder, a primary combustion chamber connected thereto by a pluralityof restrictedpassages, an air compression cylinder, a step pistonoperating in said cylinders, a compressed air reservoir around said aircylinder, means forming air passages between said air cylinder and thepower cylinder, having a trend distinctly toward the primaryco'mbustionchamber; the admission of air from said passages into saidpower cylinder being entirely controlled by said piston, the power faceof said piston being symmetrically, convexly curved; means including thecurved piston face, and head portion of the power cylinder for directingthe air from said passages toward said primary combustion chamber, andadapted to coact' with the cylinder head and primary combustion chamberto cause a blowin action through said restricted passages, be ore andafter top center position of the piston.

A EDWARD T. ADAMS.

